History Notes > Origins and Developments of Authoritarian and Single party states Notes
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Tara
Subba
Mussolini
and
the
Fascist
political
system
(HL)
Mussolini
and
the
Fascists
Political
System
Key
Dates
Date
Event
1925
Vidoni
pact
outlawed
independent
trade
unions
1926
Granted
the
right
to
issue
decrees
without
parliament
consent
Banned
internal
argument
-
parliament
lost
the
right
to
debate
proposed
laws
or
criticize
Fascist
policies
Opposition
newspapers
surprised
Begin
cult
of
personality
1928
1929
1939
Mussolini
controlled
all
appointments
in
Fascist
party
Lateran
Agreement
-
improvements
between
the
church
and
Fascism
Parliament
replaced
by
the
chamber
of
Fasces
and
Corporations
Tara
Subba
Mussolini
and
the
Fascist
political
system
(HL)
|
Mussolini's
aim:
Personal
Dictatorship
|
1926
Mussolini
had
achieved
his
ambition
of
becoming
dictator
of
Italy.
* He
could
make
laws
by
issuing
decrees.
* Parliament
was
under
his
full
control
-
no
longer
a
forum
for
debate
but
simply
a
theatre
in
which
his
decisions
could
be
applauded
by
Fascist
supporters
and
sympathizers.
* With
Liberals
and
Popolari
divided
and
leaderless,
and
the
Socialists
under
constant
physical
attack,
there
was
no
strong
political
opposition.
* Providing
that
the
King
remained
in
fear
and
awe
of
the
Fascist
leader,
Mussolini
need
not
worry
about
the
armed
forces,
as
they
were
very
unlikely
to
break
their
pledge
of
loyalty
to
the
monarch.
With
his
position
secure,
Mussolini
now
set
out
to
create
his
Fascist
state.
This
was
to
be
a
personal
dictatorship.
His
goals
were:
* To
maintain
and
increase
his
own
personal
power.
* To
encourage
a
'cult
of
personality'
that
stressed
his
geniuses,
his
power
and
his
indispensability
as
leader
of
the
nation.
* He
attempted
to
consolidate
his
position
by
seeking
a
constructive
working
relationship
with
powerful
interest
groups
(Church,
industrialists
and
the
armed
forces)
Mussolini's
personal
power
took
priority
over
the
desire
to
impost
Fascist
ideas
all
aspects
of
Italian
life.
He
was
determined
that
the
Party
should
be
his
servant
and
not
his
master.
Mussolini
would:
* Decided
what
powers
the
Party
should
possess
* What
Fascist
policy
should
be
and
how
and
when
it
should
be
implemented
Mussolini's
Italy:
*
One
in
which
he
alone
possessed
ultimate
power.
* Interest
groups,
the
old
institutions
of
government
and
the
Fascist
Party
all
competed
against
each
other
for
authority
but
they
looked
to
Mussolini
to
adjudicate
their
disputes
and
to
make
the
final
decisions.
Without
him,
the
government
could
not
function
and
the
regime
would
collapse.
Tara
Subba
Mussolini
and
the
Fascist
political
system
(HL)
|
Propaganda
and
the
Cult
of
Personality
|
Mussolini
was
determined
to
use
propaganda
to
build
up
support
for
his
regime
and
to
deter
opposition.
1926
*
Opposition
newspapers
were
suppressed
and
journalists
and
their
editors
made
aware
that
they
could
be
arrested
if
they
published
anything
derogatory
towards
the
regime.
o Mussolini's
press
office
issued
'official'
versions
of
events
--
newspapers
expected
to
publish
without
question.
o Stressed
Mussolini's
benevolence.
o Quoted
the
opinions
of
foreign
admirers
SS? British
Foreign
secretary
Chamberlain
-
"a
wonderful
make
working
for
the
greatness
of
is
country'.
o Suggested
that
the
Duce
was
flawless
-
"Mussolini
is
always
right"
SS? Political
indoctrination
--
published
and
exaggerated
Fascist
successes.
SS? Portrayed
the
Duce
as
vigorous,
athletic
and
courageous
man.
u? Model
for
all
Italian
males.
u? 'Superhuman'
u? Man
of
culture
-
known
that
he
digested
all
35
volumes
of
the
Italia
Encyclopedia
and
classics
of
Shakespearean
literature.
u? Recorded
spectacles,
parades
and
propaganda
to
keep
Fascist
interest
and
secure
people's
allegiance
to
Fascism.
*
Radio
and
cinema
were
also
tools
for
Fascist
propaganda;
o Only
40,000
radios
in
the
whole
of
Italy
in
the
mid
1920's.
But
from
1924,
the
radio
network
was
run
by
the
state.
o News
bulletins
continually
praised
Mussolini
and
broadcast
his
speeches
in
full.
o Radio's
were
given
to
schools
*
Party
attempted
ensured
that
those
living
in
total
areas
could
at
least
listen
to
communal
radios
in
their
villages.
1930's
The
sheer
volume
of
propaganda
stressing
Mussolini's
power
and
genius
deterred
political
opposition.
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