Medicine Notes Clinical Respiratory Notes
This series of notes is on clinical respiratory. It includes respiratory basics, physiology, common diseases, treatment and complications. These notes were made using a variety of textbooks, notes from tutorials with consultants and knowledge gained on the ward with doctors. These notes helped me a achieve a good grade of 77% in the end of year exams....
The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our Clinical Respiratory Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
Tuberculosis (TB)
Definition
Causes of death of most HIV
8200/yr; 350 deaths/yr (UK)
Clinical features/Presentation
Travel high incidence TB area
Chronic cough (non-smoker)
Haemoptysis
Night sweats
Weight loss
Examination findings
Reduced expansion
Dull to percussion
Reduced breath sounds
Crackles
Increased vocal resonance
Diagnosis
Specific tests
LATENT TB
Mantoux test- + do interferon gamma testing
ACTIVE TB
CXR suggests, take sputum
Acid-fast bacilli resist acid on ZN staining
Bronchoscopy/lavage may be needed if no sputum produced
ACTIVE NON-RESP TB
Samples: Sputum, pleura/pleural fluid, urine, pus, bone marrow, CSF
Culture
CXR to find coexisting resp. TB
PCR
Rapid identification of rifampicin resistance
HISTOLOGY
Caseating granulomas
CXR
Consolidation; Cavitation; Fibrosis; Calcification
IMMUNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE (TB skin test)
GENREAL
Increased temp; Increased WCC/CRP; Anaemia
Management
ABC
Ziehl-Nielsen/Silver stain (acid fast bacilli)
Notify authorities; Vaccinate contacts (BCG); Isolation
Test for HIV
Look for signs of spread (meningeal irritation; bones; joints; dysuria; pelvic)
Confirmed= Refer to TB service
4 ABX
Rifampicin & Isoniazid (4 months)
Pyrazinamide & Ethambutol (2 months)
Sarcoidosis
General
Multisystem non-caseating granulomatous
African-Carribeans more affected & more severe
HLA-DRB1 & DQB1
Pathogenesis= Inflammation--> Fibrosis--> Adheres to lung pleura
Clinical features
Pulmonary
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
DDx= Sarcoidosis; Lymphoma; TB
Dry cough; Progressive dyspnoea; Decreased exercise; Chest pain
Non-pulmonary
Lungs; Liver; Brain (neuro-sarcoid); Heart (prolonged Q-R); Skin; Kidney; Eyes
Tests
Bloods Increased ESR; Lymphopenia; Increased LFT; Hypercalcaemia; IG
24h urine Hypercalcaemia
Tuberculin Negative 2/3
CXR S1= Norm; S2= BHL; S3= Peripheral; S4= Fibrosis; Bulla; Pleural
Lung functions Normal/reduced lung volumes; Restrictive
Biopsy NON-CASEATING GRANULOMAS
BA lavage Increased lymphocytes; Increased neutrophils (fibrosis)
Management
Acute= NSAIDs and bed...
Buy the full version of these notes or essay plans and more in our Clinical Respiratory Notes.
This series of notes is on clinical respiratory. It includes respiratory basics, physiology, common diseases, treatment and complications. These notes were made using a variety of textbooks, notes from tutorials with consultants and knowledge gained on the ward with doctors. These notes helped me a achieve a good grade of 77% in the end of year exams....
Ask questions 🙋 Get answers 📔 It's simple 👁️👄👁️
Our AI is educated by the highest scoring students across all subjects and schools. Join hundreds of your peers today.
Get Started