Medicine Notes Neurology Notes
These notes helped me achieve a mark of 76% in my neurology exam, which is the equivalent of a 1st. The notes are based on a series of 49 lectures on the subject. This is a very good, thorough and in depth review of the nervous system. They are very clearly laid out and easy to follow. They cut out unnecessary information on the topic, making the notes very concise, and fast to get through. Anyone studying medicine, or any other subject requiring knowledge of the nervous system (e.g. physiology o...
The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our Neurology Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
Lecture 1
Introduction to the Nervous System
Basic organisation of the NS
SENSORY PNS (all lead to CNS)
Sensory NS
Somatic and special sensory receptors on neurons
Afferent NS
Autonomic sensory receptors and neurons
Efferent NS
Sensory receptors in GI tract and enteric plexus
leads to motor neurons too
MOTOR PNS EFFECTORS
Somatic motor neurons (voluntary) Skeletal muscle
Autonomic motor neurons (involuntary) SNS & PSNS divisions
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and adipose tissue
Enteric motor neurons (involuntary) in enteric plexuses (MOTOR PNS)
Smooth muscle, glands, and endocrine cells of GI tract
Synaptic transmission (sequence of events)
Action potential at axon terminal
Ca2+ channels openIncrease intracellular Ca2+ conc.= Neurotransmitter released
Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to specific receptors
Postsynaptic potential generated
Na+= depolarisation= EPSP (Excitatory PostSynaptic Potential)
Cl-= hyperpolarisation= IPSP (Inhibitory PostSynaptic Potential)
Local currents spread along cell membrane
Comparison of nervous and endocrine systems
Mediator molecules
NS= Neurotransmitters released in response to nerve impulses
ES= Hormones delivered to tissues throughout body by blood
Cells affected
NS= Muscles, glands, other neurons
ES= Virtually all body cells
Time of onset of action
NS= Typically milliseconds
ES= Seconds to hours to days
Duration of action
NS= Generally brief
ES= Generally longer
Heterogeneity of chemical signals in the NS
Msec-Sec
Impulse conduction
Transmitter release
Fast synaptic transmission
Sec-Min
Slow synaptic transmission
Neuromodulation
Min-Hour-Day
Synaptic plasticity
Delayed pharmacological effects
Pharmacological tolerance
Day-Month/Year
Structural remodelling
Month/Year
Degeneration, regeneration and repair (limited in CNS)
Lesions
Destructive cortical lesions (right handed)
Frontal
Intellectual impairment; Personality change; Urinary incontinence; Mono/Hemiparesis
Frontal, left
Broca’s (expressive) aphasia
Tempero-Parietal, left
Acalculia (difficulty with simple math)
Alexia, Agraphia (no reading/writing)
Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia
Right-left disorientation; Homonymous field defect
Temporal, right
Confusional states; Failure to recognise faces; Homonymous field...
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These notes helped me achieve a mark of 76% in my neurology exam, which is the equivalent of a 1st. The notes are based on a series of 49 lectures on the subject. This is a very good, thorough and in depth review of the nervous system. They are very clearly laid out and easy to follow. They cut out unnecessary information on the topic, making the notes very concise, and fast to get through. Anyone studying medicine, or any other subject requiring knowledge of the nervous system (e.g. physiology o...
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