GDL Law Notes GDL Contract Law Notes
A collection of the best GDL notes the director of Oxbridge Notes (an Oxford law graduate) could find after combing through applications from top students and carefully evaluating each on accuracy, formatting, logical structure, spelling/grammar, conciseness and "wow-factor". In short these are what we believe to be the strongest set of GDL notes available in the UK this year. This collection of GDL notes is fully updated for recent exams, also making them the most up-to-date GDL study materials ...
The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our GDL Contract Law Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
GR: Doctrine of Privity A contract is enforceable by those who are party to the contract. A person cannot sue or be sued for breach of contract unless he was privy to it.
| A third party cannot take benefit from a contract which he was not a party to
Father of groom and Father of bride had made an agreement to pay the groom, Tweddle Jr, a sum of money after he married the bride. Both parties had provided consideration there was an enforceable contract between them. Tweddle Jr was unable to enforce the contract because:
| A third party cannot be burdened by a contract which he was not a party to
Dunlop sold tyres to Dew and contract included an undertaking that:
Dew sold tyres to Selfridge. Selfridge signed the agreement but went on to sell them at a lower price than Dunlop. Dew was unable to sue because they had not suffered a loss so Dunlop brought proceedings against Selfridge for breach of contract. HELD:
The court therefore decided that without consideration or privity, no contract existed between Dunlop and Selfridge. Lord Dunedin stated that Dunlop argued that they had entered into a contract with Selfridge through the agency of Dew (Lord Dunedin agreed). Even if this was the case, there was still an absence of consideration. | |
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EXCEPTIONS 1. Guarantor’s right to subrogation 2. Trusts 3. Tort 4. Agency 5. Collateral contracts 6. Assignment 7. Judicial exceptions | |||
Exception 1: Guarantor’s right to subrogation |
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Exception 2: Trusts |
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Exception 3: Tort |
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Exception 4: Agency An agency relationship exists where one party, the agent, has been given permission to contract on behalf of another party, the principal. The principal is bound by the terms of the contract entered into by the agent on his behalf. |
HELD: There was no consideration and the limitation clause did not mention the stevedores at all. Shippers had no idea they were entering into a contract with the stevedores as they were not mentioned anywhere in the contract. Therefore it could not be argued that MS knew they were entering into a contract through the agency of the carrier Scruttons found liable in Tort. During this case, Lord Reid laid out the requirements of a valid agency contract. He stated that it must be clear from the contract that:
A third party is able to take action in court through agency
A shipper contracted with a carrier to ship goods. Carrier contracted with stevedores to unload goods. Stevedores are the owners of the carrier. So there was a:
In the contract between shipper and carrier, there was an exemption clause which stated that the carrier, ‘its servants, agents and employees’ are exempted. Stevedores dropped goods and shipper brought a tortious claim against them. Stevedores argued that they could take the benefit of the exemption clause because the carrier had acted as an agent. HELD: The court agreed that the carrier had acted as agent, so stevedores had the right to benefit from the exemption clause. The shipper knew about the stevedores as the contract mentioned ‘others’ and the stevedores had given the carrier consent to act as an agent. They also agreed that both parties had given good consideration:
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Buy the full version of these notes or essay plans and more in our GDL Contract Law Notes.
A collection of the best GDL notes the director of Oxbridge Notes (an Oxford law graduate) could find after combing through applications from top students and carefully evaluating each on accuracy, formatting, logical structure, spelling/grammar, conciseness and "wow-factor". In short these are what we believe to be the strongest set of GDL notes available in the UK this year. This collection of GDL notes is fully updated for recent exams, also making them the most up-to-date GDL study materials ...
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