Medicine Notes Neuroscience 1 Notes
Contains notes for the neuroscience module covered in Michaelmas Term...
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Lesions
Spinal cord injuries
Complete cord transection syndrome:
-Complete loss of all sensibility and voluntary movement below level of the lesion-can be caused by fracture, dislocation of vertebral column by a bullet or stab wound or by expanding tumour
Symptoms:
-Bilateral lower motor neuron paralysis, muscular atrophy in segment of lesion – due to damage of motor neurons in ventral horns
-Bilateral spastic paralysis below the level of lesion- A bilateral Babinski sign is present and depending on level of the segment of spinal cord damaged –due to interruption of corticospinal tracts
-Bilateral loss of all sensations below the level of lesion-loss of tactile discrimination and vibratory and proprioceptive sensations due to bilateral destruction of ascending tracts in posterior white columns. Due to damage to lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts
-Bladder and bowel functions no longer under voluntary control-all descending autonomic fibres are destroyed
Anterior cord syndrome
-Cord contusion during ventebral fracture, from injury to anterior spinal artery- ischaemia of the cord
Symptoms:
-Bilateral lower motor neuron paralysis in segment of lesion and muscular atrophy- due to damage in neurons in anterior grey coloumns
-Bilateral spastic paralysis by interruption of anterior corticospinal tracts on both sides of the cord
-bilateral losss of pain, temperature, light touch and pressure sensations
Brown sequard syndrome
Hemisection of the spinal cord (only Right half or left half is severed), so all tracts ascending and descending coursing through the level of lesion are servered
Symptoms
-Lower motorneurons ipsilateral to and at the level of lesion will be damaged- ispsilateral lower motorneuron paralysis at level of lesion
-Corticospinal tract (upper motorneurons) will be severed the individual will exibit ipsilateral loss of motor function below level of lesion followed by spastic paralysis
-Anterolateral system (spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic, spinotectal and spinohyothlamaic fibres) will be severed- contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation beginning one or two segments below lesion and...
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Contains notes for the neuroscience module covered in Michaelmas Term...
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