Vitamin A

D

Active form/ Other names Retinol

D2 (ergocalciferol)
- Plant&animal D3 (cholecalciferol)
- sunlight

Sources

Details

Animal sources - fish liver oil, liver, meat, milk, butter, egg yolk Plant sources - yellow corn, alfalfa, tomatoes, carrots, green vegetables

Precursor: carotene

Cured hay, fish liver oil, milk fat, egg yolk, irradiated yeast

Deficiencies related to animal confinement

E

Tocopherol

Germ of cereal grains, egg yolk, oilseed oil, alfalfa, leafy green veg.

Deficiencies related to long feed storage,
+Se: important in prevention of white muscle disease, protect vital phospholipids from peroxidative damage

K

Menaquinone

Green leafy plants, liver, Egg yolk, fish meal

Produced in the digestive system, Synthesised in rumen

Function
- Regeneration of visual purple (rhodopsin)
- for normal epi.tissues and mucus membrane
- Growth &
maintenance
- Bone remodeling
- Ca & P absorption
+ metabolism
- Ca deposition in bones
- CHO storage in liver, cells
- protein excretion&
products thru kidney
-fat & CHO oxidation to supply energy
- Antioxidant
- Normal reproduction and hatchability

- Prothrombin formation for normal blood

Deficiency symptoms Night blindness, keratinization of epi, xeropthalmia (severe dryness&opacity of cornea), abnormal bone growth

Rickets, osteomalacia (softening of bones), decreased egg laying

Infertility in some sp. (embryo degeneration in rats,chicken &
ovarian failure in rats), skeletal muscular dystrophy (calves,chicks), encephalomalacia in chicks(can't walk/stand), liver necrosis Hemorrhages in various tissues, increase in

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