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Veterinary Medicine Notes Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry Notes

Vitamin Notes

Updated Vitamin Notes

Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry Notes

Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry

Approximately 4 pages

This is a compact note in table form with information on the different types of vitamins. It shows the active form, sources, functions and deficiency symptoms of each vitamin....

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The following is a more accessible plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:

Vitamin Active form/ Other names Sources Details Function Deficiency symptoms
A Retinol

Animal sources – fish liver oil, liver, meat, milk, butter, egg yolk

Plant sources – yellow corn, alfalfa, tomatoes, carrots, green vegetables

 Precursor: carotene

- Regeneration of visual purple (rhodopsin)

- for normal epi.tissues and mucus membrane

- Growth & maintenance

- Bone remodeling

 Night blindness, keratinization of epi, xeropthalmia (severe dryness&opacity of cornea), abnormal bone growth
D

D2 (ergocalciferol)

  • Plant&animal

D3 (cholecalciferol)

  • sunlight

 Cured hay, fish liver oil, milk fat, egg yolk, irradiated yeast Deficiencies related to animal confinement

- Ca & P absorption + metabolism

- Ca deposition in bones

- CHO storage in liver, cells

- protein excretion& products thru kidney

-fat & CHO oxidation to supply energy

 Rickets, osteomalacia (softening of bones), decreased egg laying
E Tocopherol Germ of cereal grains, egg yolk, oilseed oil, alfalfa, leafy green veg.

Deficiencies related to long feed storage,

+Se: important in prevention of white muscle disease, protect vital phospholipids from peroxidative damage

- Antioxidant

- Normal reproduction and hatchability

 Infertility in some sp. (embryo degeneration in rats,chicken & ovarian failure in rats), skeletal muscular dystrophy (calves,chicks), encephalomalacia in chicks(can’t walk/stand), liver necrosis
K Menaquinone

Green leafy plants, liver,

Egg yolk, fish meal

Produced in the digestive system, Synthesised in rumen

& monogastric intestinal tract, under

normal conditions not

deficient in ruminants&

pigs however fast growing pigs needs

dietary supplements, not needed except by

newborns & animals

w digestive disturbances

- Prothrombin formation for normal blood clotting

- production of bone proteins eg osteocalcin

Hemorrhages in various

tissues, increase in coagulation time, anemia

in chicks, increase risk of fracture
B1 Thiamine Milk products, brewer’s yeast, cereals+by-products, liver

Absorbed in small intestine

(with water), phosphorylation in the liver

to form thiamine pyrophosphate (the active

form), limited storage

- CHO metabolism

- Energy transfer

 Lack of appetite, beri-beri (human),
B2 Riboflavin Milk, cheese, liver, kidney, egg, fish, green forages, oil meals Precursor to coenzymes FAD and FMN (H carriers) redox rxn in mitochondria

- Energy transfer

- Protein metabolism

 Lesions of skin, eye, nervous system, depressed appetite, curly toe paralysis (chicken)
B3 Niacin/ Nicotinic Acid/ Nicotinamide Milk, meat, egg, green veg, peanut, animal, fish by-products Precursor to NAD and NADPH(H carriers) glycolysis, Kreb’s, oxidative phosphorylation, can be partially spared by tryptophan (converted to Niacin) - Energy transfer Pellagra(black tongue), dermatitis, diarrhea, appetite & weight loss
B5 Pantothenic acid Milk, cereal grains&by-products, alfalfa, liver, egg yolk, Precursor to CoA...

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