Parties: Literature Summaries, Class Analysis & Tutorial Notes

- Key’s three party functions
- Number of parties: Duverger’s theory
- Historical dynamics of a party system
- Party systems in new democracies

Party Formation and Party-Voter Linkages
Comprehensive Literature Notes & Analyses:
- Dalton, R.J., (2002) ‘Political Cleavages, Issues, and Electoral Change’
- Dalton, R.J., (2008) 'Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies'
- Gallagher, M et al., (2008) Representative Government in Modern Europe, 4th ed. (Boston: McGraw-Hill), Chs. 8-10.
- Evans 1999, The End of Class Politics?
- Tavits M (2008), ‘Party systems in the making: The Emergence and Success of New Parties in New Democracies’

Party Organisation
- Political Parties and Party Systems
- Cadre parties vs mass parties
- Change in recruitment patterns
- Functionalist Approach
- Electoral Competition Models
- Institutional Approach
- Case Studies
- **Katz, R. and Mair, P., (Jan 1995)
‘Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party’,
- **Wolinetz, S.B., (2002) ‘Beyond the Catch-All Party’

Party Competition & Party Systems:
- *Ware, A., (1996) Political Parties and Party Systems (Oxford: OUP) - Part II
- **Mueller, W. & Strom, K., (1999) Policy, Office or Votes: How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions
- Amorim Neto, O. and Cox, G. (Jan 1997) ‘Electoral institutions, cleavage structures, and the number of parties’ American Journal of Political Science, 41(1),
- Mair, P., (2002) ‘Comparing Party Systems’