Luther Mindmaps Notes

Need love - greater than the papacy 'Hear this, O pope, not of all men the holiest but of all men the most sinful! O that God from heaven would soon destroy your throne and sink it into the abyss of hell!' 1518 - met Cajetan in Augsburg Leipzig Debate - summer 1519 1. Extravagant dress Removed medieval distinction between clergy and laity Main abuses Written in German 2. Abuse of eating and drinking Background Temporal power has no jurisdiction over them 3. Open and common brothels First wall - spiritual and secular classes 'all Christians are truly of the spiritual estate' 'baptism, gospel and faith alone make us spiritual and a Christian people' To the Christian Nobility - August 1520 Abolish pilgrimages God will canonise saints - do not create places of pilgrimage Priesthood of all believers Three walls Clerical marriage Difference between murder of a priest and a peasant List of issues and solutions Confession to brothers and sisters Second wall - only pope can interpret Scripture Abolish festivals - retain Sunday People neglect work and spend money Third wall - council needs sanction by the pope The Pope Do not canonise saints Worldly and ostentatious Abolish begging Yet they cannot point to a single letter of proof Praise of the temporal authorities Reference to the devil Has not found errors in John Huss's writings Real Antichrist Only hold one benefice University reform Discard Aristotle 'Since, then, such devilish rule is not only barefaced robbery, deceit and the tyranny of hell's portals, but ruinous to the body and soul of Christendom, it is our duty to exercise all diligence to protect Christendom from such misery and destruction' Now that Italy is sucked dry, the Romanists are coming into Germany Evils of Rome Wolves lying in wait for sheep Written in Latin Final break with Catholicism Nearly half on Lord's Supper and Baptism Discusses engagement, impediments and divorce Suppressed in Ducal Saxony Erasmus - 'the breach is irreparable' The treatise Wicked and despotic to deny both kinds Aleander - completely blasphemous Confirmation, marriage, ordination and extreme unction are not sacraments Nothing in scripture on ordination being a sacrament 1. Withholding cup from the laity Wanted to show Luther to be a heretic Translated into German by Thomas Murner Give grace - why not lesser sign? => why do priests receive both? 3 captivities of the Lord's Supper Priests are not lords but servants - must administer both kinds 2. Transubstantiation Lord's Supper Flesh and blood of Christ 'all of us that have been baptised are equally priests' 3. Sacrifice of the mass Priesthood of all believers No mention of this by the holy fathers Infants partake through faith of the Church Word of the gospel, not the law Substance and accidents e.g. red-hot iron => transaccidentation The Babylonian Captivity of the Church - October 1520 'we are all equally priests' - same power in respect to the Word and the sacraments Sign - memorial or remembrance of his promise Nature of sacraments Have abolished it word + sign Divine promise and faith Contrition as a work and merit - not faith Faith Confession is necessary and commanded of God Penance Does not desire or need works Mystery or secret thing received by the faith of the heart Confess to brothers and sisters Receive mass, give prayer Not 7 sacraments - baptism, penance and the bread Absolution should follow satisfaction Christ's testament Death Should have one single sacrament - 3 sacramental signs Very few remember baptism or glory in it Promise Divine promise - belief and baptism => saved (Mark 16:16) Baptism All sacraments are to nourish faith Signifies death and resurrection Infants are aided by the faith of others Power consists in the words of Christ Good work Not a good work - cannot commune for someone else 'It is you Romans who are the heretics and godless schismatics, for you presume upon your figments alone against the clear Scriptures of God' Not a sacrifice Against vows - faith alone Require faith and grace Cannot be proved from scripture Should not judge others - edifying love Glories of the Christian life are not preached about or sought after After Leipzig Debate - returned to Wittenberg and wrote a lot A Christian lives not in himself, but in Christ and in his neighbour Conciliatory spirit Unyielding, stubborn ceremonialists 2 classes of men Simple-minded, ignorant men - weak in the faith Miltitz wanted to prevent a rift in the Church Background First published in German - yet also in Latin Must discipline his body Leo as a lamb in the midst of wolves - Babylon of the Roman Curia The Freedom of a Christian - November 1520 Subject it to the Spirit Eck was the Devil's servant Outer man Works - done only to please God Importance+ of+inner+man A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none Builder and house analogy Can be misinterpreted Priesthood of all believers Good works do not make a good man but a good man does good works A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all Trees exist before their fruits Twofold nature of man - spiritual and bodily Works cannot glorify God Not works, only faith Comfort Promise of God - believe in Christ 'One thing, and only one thing, is necessary for Christian life, righteousness and freedom. That one thing is the most holy Word of God, the gospel of Christ' Only thing necessary for the soul 31powers1of1faith: Christ's1atonement181no1need1for1works Promises1of1New1Testament Wedding1ring1of1faith Commandments => realise our helplessness Faith unites soul with Christ - wedding ring Teaches us inwardly though the living instruction of his Spirit 'we are also priests forever' Ceremonies are the test of the righteousness of faith 10 directors must constantly investigate state of the poor Appoint pastor Wants)decline)in) existing)foundations Household preaching Monkery)1)harmful) error)and)deception Preface Annual contribution Let)them)dwindle) away)or)help)them) to)disappear Provisions Distributed amongst poor 2 barrels for foodstuffs Box for coins Governing)authorities) should)take)over) property Common chest 2 nobility 2 council 3 town citizens 3 rural peasantry 3.)Common)chest)1) gifts)to)the)needy Schoolmaster for boys 10 elected trustees 1.)Provision)for)inmates 2.)Funds)for)new)start)in)life Ordinance)of)a) Common)Chest)1) Leisnig,)1523 No begging Mendicant)houses)=>)schools Solicitation of alms Common)Chest)1)less)evils 1.)Begging 2.)Misuse)of)the)ban Also instruct girls under 12 Pastor - Word of God All have own keys General assembly 3 times a year Key ideas No toleration for begging Support for old and ill 3.)Zinss%contract Avoid drink, fornication, gambling etc. Universal priesthood - rights to parish property Used)to)be)called) bona%ecclesiae%1) common)property Archbishop - secular pomp Obligated to wage war against the Turks - vengeance for pillage and murder Choice to refuse evil and do good Weak and miserable without God Instituted by God Hindered by the devil Marriage 'No attention is paid to how one teaches, or believes, loves, how one lives a Christian life, how to care for the poor, how one comforts the weak, or punishes the unruly and whatever else belongs to such an office' Bishop means supervisor or visitor Other rules on the Christian Ban and the teaching of children Free Will Not obligated to teach and rule in spiritual affairs Preface Appeal to John, Duke of Saxony No divorce Obligated to order things so that rebellion does not arise amongst subjects Keep some holy days Divides up teaching the gospel The Doctrine Sin to dishonour sacrament True repentance Promise of righteousness and eternal life - remission of sin Examination before the sacrament Instructions*for*visitors*of*parish* priests*in*Electoral*Saxony Should be taught the difference between church order and secular government Preach the whole Gospel The Ten Commandments 3. Teach reason for the use of the sacrament Fear God and show contrition Sacrament of the Body and Blood of the Lord 2. Both kinds Unless weak Christians Elements of the Christian life Use German where most do not understand Latin 1. True body and blood of Christ 10 Commandments - teach good works Sinful not to pray For both spiritual and temporal things True Christian Prayer Children are to be baptised Keep Sabbath holy Should be grateful preserves peace e.g. grateful for saving child Obey government 2. Faith that sins will be forgiven True Christian Penance Still obedient to harsh government 1. Need true contrition and terror before God 2. Faith => forgiveness of sins and righteousness 3. Good works Poverty Illness Hear Word of God Should not use sword without government authority - live by the sword, die by the sword 1. Repentance / contrition All tribulation is from God In German Not just for children reminds others to repent Fear judgement of God Tribulation Baptism Honour parents Preach repentance and forgiveness of sins Water - penitence, contrition and sorrow Children 'each tribulation washes away sin, if its pain is endured in faith' Written&in&October&1520&5& after&Exsurge&domine Still&identified&with& Luther's&reform&work Background Temptation - test and proof of our faith Imitatio'Christi&5& Thomas&a&Kempis Suffering New&ideas&and&influences Late&medieval& mysticism 'all suffering is a punishing rod with which the heavenly Father visits, cleanses and beautifies his children' Gelassenheit Widely&used Anabaptists&5& 'existentialist'&commitment& to&divine&will&=>& abandonment&of& externalities Better to have death of flesh and life of spirit Carlstadt&focuses&on&physical&and& spiritual&suffering&5&self5emptying& or&self5denial&before&the&divine Rejoice in suffering Faith dependent upon it Tract&on&the&Supreme&Virtue& of&Gelassenheit&5&1520 Take up the cross - suffering, mockery, ridicule, death and destruction Word of God Bible - so clear that a layman can understand it 'I know that there is no greater virtue on earth and in heaven than detachment, when a person leaves behind all possessions, honour, friends, body and soul' Christ - 'I have come to send a sword - a sword which separates children from their parents' Places detachment ahead of works and suffering 'I will willingly divest myself of my archdeaconate and all the goods which I have; forgive father, mother, brothers and sisters; and surrender [Gelassen] everything in body and soul which draws me away and distances me from divine promises. I know that I must be yielded [Gelassen] and that I must let go [Gelassen] of all creatures and that I must not trust any angel who wishes to teach and bless me other than as delineated in the Bible' Otherwise devil will find you Scripture is the sword Must be accomplished with suffering, blood and death e.g. Hus 1. Images are wrong against 1st commandment (no other gods before me) 2. Carved or painted idols on altars are even worse 3. Necessary to do away with them - give reasons from Scripture Should prevent begging and forestall hunger Show that there are not Christians in the town Removal of Images Images are an abomination Concerning Beggars We attribute holiness to images - call them saints Give them a trade or job Deuteronomy - you are to destroy altars and smash images Cloisters are wicked Monks and nuns should leave monasteries Appearance and external signs of God Falsehood of images On the Removal of Images and That There Should Be No Beggars Among Christians - 1522 Church income and interest Authorities should have done this Heart is far from God Crucifixion - only see physical suffering Common box Laity Exodus 20:3 - 'You shall have no other gods before me' Christ says the spirit gives life 'It cannot be true therefore that images are the textbooks of lay persons. For they are unable to learn their salvation from them' 'Without the power of Christ, no one will be saved; but without the physical form of Christ, many thousands shall be saved in days to come' 

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