Land Law notes fully updated for recent exams at Oxford and Cambridge. These notes cover all the LLB land law cases and so are perfect for anyone doing an LLB in the UK or a great supplement for those doing LLBs abroad, whether that be in Ireland, Hong Kong or Malaysia (University of London).
These were the best Land Law notes the director of Oxbridge Notes (an Oxford law graduate) could find after combing through dozens of LLB samples from outstanding law students with the highest results in ...
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REGISTRATION/UNREGISTERED LAND
Legal v Equitable Rights
Is proprietary right legal or equitable:
Is it capable of existing as legal or equitable?
S1 LPA 1925 –rights which may be legal
Estates – fee simple (freehold) & leasehold
Interests – easements, mortgages, rights of entry contained in legal lease &rentcharge
Did it come into existence as legal or equitable right?
Legal –falls within s1 LPA 1925 +created by deed + registered in acc. w/LRA 2002
if not registered = equitable (s7 & 27(1) LRA 2002)
Equitable – a proprietary right could be equitable for one of 3 reasons:
not included in s1 (e.g. proprietary estoppel, restrictive covenant etc)
included in s1 but no deed used
included in s1 & deed used but no registration
+created in writingORsatisfies conditions for prop. estoppel/implied trusts (CT/RT)
Effect of Legal & Equitable Rights
Unregistered land
Legal right –binding on all disponees
Equitable right
Pre-1925 - binding on disponees, except BF purchaser for value of legal estate w/out notice
Post 1925 – binding on disponees but there may be a defence
Registered land
Registered legal/equitable right in rem or overriding interest – binding on all disponees
Once electronic conveyancing system is complete, may make distinction redundant
Unregistered Land Framework
A transfers unregistered land to C = B’s pre-existing legal property right will always bind C& his pre-existing equitable right will bind C, unless C has a defence:
Scenario 1: B’s equitable right is a registrable land charge and either
B hasn’t registered it (Midland Bank v Green – applies even against P w/actual notice, as long as s4 LCA 1972 is satisfied)); or
B has registered it against incorrect name & C has requested a search against correct one
Scenario 2: B’s equitable interests is one of the following:
Beneficial interest under trust
Proprietary estoppel
Equitable easement/restrictive covenant created pre Jan 1926–falls outside LCA 1972
.... in which case it’s governed by doctrine of noticeC has a defence to B’s interest if he’sa BF purchaser of legal estate w/out notice (defence not resurrected on subsequent sale to P w/notice)
BF Purchaser requirements:
bona fide – acted in good faith in the purchase
purchaser of value –acquired the estate by act of parties rather than by operation of law (e.g. no adverse possession or gift)
of a Legal Estate – leasehold/freehold
w/out notice:
actual – matters of which C was aware (hearing rumours not sufficient - but will be for constructive notice)
constructive – C failed to enquire & law fixed him w/ notice (s199 LPA&Kingsnorth Finance v Tizard)
C entitled to inspect deeds up to 15 years back; if unusual docs, possibly further
P needs to discover identities of occupiers & make enquiries to them – once a person’s in possession, P has notice of all his rights, regardless of how unusual (Hunt v Luck)
imputed – constructive notice of agent/solicitor imputed to P (if same transaction/not fraudulent)
Can’t use BF? Consider:
Did B consent out of his right by representing to Cthat he didn’t have an interest? (Bristol & West Buildings v Henning)
Yes = B’s right is defeated (unless consent is vitiated see below)
Did the seller, A, contract to sell to P1 and P2 inconsistently?
Yes: P1’s estate contract has priority
Registered Land Framework
A registers property for the 1st time Sch1 (overriding interests re 1st registration)
A transfers registered land to C B’s pre-existing interest (in rem) will affect C if (ss28, 30 LRA):
entered on the register
an overriding interest - Sch 3 (unregistered interests which override registered dispositions)
Main overriding interests under Sch 3:
Para 1 – lease not exceeding 7 years (can be registered if under 3 years voluntarily by Notice - City Permanent BS v Miller)
Para 2 – almost any right in rem of person in actual or apparent occupation at the time of disposition
“sufficiently proprietary rights” (National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth)
obvious on reasonable inspection + express undertaking (in context of CT such as Binnions, Ashburn) (Lyus v Prowsa)
Actual Occupation
In occupation
Lives there but is absent @ precise moment of disposition for short/ longer spell
Not main/real home
Employee (Lloyds Bank v Rosset) or spouse (Strand Securities) is present
Not there but belongings are
Unless they’ve been there for a short time b/f disposition (Abbey National v Cann)
Not in occupation
Mere fleeting presence (need degree of permanence + continuity) (Abbey National Building Soc v Cann)
Tenant or guest
Children under 18 (Hypo Mortgages Services v Robinson)
Use of right to pass & re-pass + metal staircase on the land (Chaudhary v Yavus)
Unclear
Has a no of houses & moves b/w them but happens to be there @ the time of disposition
if 1st visit in a year = no occupation (Stockholm Finance Ltd)
NB: Pre 2002: actual occupation only where disponee could easily discover the occupant’s right changed by para. 2 Sch. 3 req. that occupation also be apparent; i.e. discoverable&disponee makes inquiries. If he dos & occupant doesn’t disclose where reasonably expected to, disponee isn’t bound, unless knew about it anyway.
NB: Post...
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Land Law notes fully updated for recent exams at Oxford and Cambridge. These notes cover all the LLB land law cases and so are perfect for anyone doing an LLB in the UK or a great supplement for those doing LLBs abroad, whether that be in Ireland, Hong Kong or Malaysia (University of London).
These were the best Land Law notes the director of Oxbridge Notes (an Oxford law graduate) could find after combing through dozens of LLB samples from outstanding law students with the highest results in ...
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