Medicine Notes Psychology Notes
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Introduction to psychology- Lecture one
Human beings
Biological organsisms- whose behaviour is controlled by neural systems; endocrine systems and is a product of evolution
As players in a social setting: influenced by people around them and is determined by culture they find themselves in
As processors of information: experience emotion
Recall is reconstructive in nature
Loftus and Palmer 1974 – subjects view a video of two car accidents; asked what speed were the cars travelling when the collided/smashed
Results: Smashed leads to higher speed estimates; false memory of glass on road
Non-adherence with medical advice
Ley 1997: Approx. 50% patients comply with medical advice but figure can drop as low as 10%
Major cause of poor treatment outcome
Christensen + Moran 1998 – caused half of deaths with renal failure
Haynes et al 1996: Improving compliance to existing treatments can be more effective than improving treatment itself
Causes of non adherence
Patient’s beliefs clash with treatment
Some think that hypertension is seen as acute/chronic disorder; so treatment is more effective in chronic disorder believers. Important to elicit patient beliefs during consultation before giving advice
Forgetting advice in GP consultation- on average around 50% but can be higher even a few minutes after consultation
Improving memory
Put information first and last- more likely to be remembered – this is known as the SERIAL POSITION RECALL EFFECT (Give people whole series of words and ask them to recall them, good memory for 1st and last words)
Organise information into meaningful groups
What is wrong with you; benefits of treatment; side effects; when and what to do
This gives a better overall memory as people remember first and last within each group
Restruct information to what patient can process
Repeat and otherwise emphasise key information
Use simple words and short sentences
Be specific – E.g walk 20 mins/day rather than exercise more- greater behavioural compliance
Be calm
Medically unexplained symptoms
Katon et al 1998: Over 40% of GP visits related to physical symptoms for which no organic cause can...
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